The most common protocol used in IPTV SMART streaming is the Internet Protocol (IP) combined with multimedia transport protocols. Specifically, protocols like RTSP (Real-Time Streaming Protocol), RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol), and HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) are widely used. These protocols ensure smooth data transmission, maintain synchronization, and provide adaptive streaming depending on available bandwidth. For live broadcasts, multicast IP protocols are often employed, allowing efficient delivery of the same stream to multiple users. In contrast, Video on Demand (VoD) usually uses unicast, where each user receives a personalized stream. This protocol-based system ensures flexibility, scalability, and reliable playback.